Baker s oven



(No Model.) 3 SheetsSheet 1.v

. T. B. MQFADDEN.

BAKBRS OVEN.

No. 380,339. PatentedApr. 3, 1888.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. T. 'B. MGPADDEN.

. BAKERS OVEN. I No. 380,389. Patented Apr. 3, 1888.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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T. B. MOPADDEN.

BAKERS OVEN.

Patented Apr. 3', 1888.

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PATENT THOMAS B. MOFADDEN, OF PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

' BAKERS OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 380,339, dated April3,1888.

(No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, Tnoams B. MOFADDEN, a resident of Peoria, in thecounty of Peoria and State of Illinois, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Bakers Ovens; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a. full, clear, and exact description of the inven tion,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains tomake and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in bakers ovens, and is fullydescribed and explained in this specification and shown in theaccompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a view, partly in frontelevation and partly in transverse vertical section, of myimproved oven,a plane of vertical section being passed through line 00 m, Fig. 2. Fig.2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the oven, a plane of sectionbeing passed through the line y y, Fig. 1, and the View being in thedirection indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontalsection of the oven through the broken line e z c c, Fig. l.

In the views,A is an ash-pit extending com pletely across the front ofthe oven and provided with a series of doors, a, of ordinary form, and Bis a combustion-chamber lying above the ash-pit and separated from it bygrates b, of any desired form. The combustion-chamber B, which, like theash-pit A, extends completely across the front of the oven, is providedwith a series of doors, I), for the introduction of fuel and themanagement of the fire, and is roofed over by a hater arched cover, B,ol'firebrick or other suitable material.

From the rear side of the combustion-chamher, at a point between thegrate b and the cover B, opens aseries of similar fiues, G, distributedat equal intervals across the entire width of the oven and extendingbackward and obliquely upward to the inner face of the rear wall, whereeach of them connects with a vertical flue, 0, extending upward a shortdistance above the top of the oven, which will be hereinafter explained.

Below the series of does 0 is a floor, c, of suitable material, andbeneath this door and immediately back of the ash-pit is a space whichmay be hollow or filled with sand or other non-conducting material, asindicated in the drawings. Above the dues G, and forming the roof orcover thereof, is a layer, a, of fire-brick or other suitable material,which has the same inclination as the dues themselves, and upon thecover 0 rests a layer of sand, thickest at its front edge and graduallydecreasing in thickness toward its rear edge, the variation in thicknessbeing such that the upper surface of the layer of sand is approximatelylevel. Upon this layer of sand rests a second layer, d, of fire-brick,which forms a floor of an oven proper, D, having a rear wall, (1, a roofor ceiling, d", and two doors, d opening from the inside of the oven andaffording access thereto. Above the ceiling d of the oven D is a seriesof horizontal fines, 0", conmeeting with the vertical dues 0', alreadymentioned, and forming with them and with the inclined fines (3 a seriesof similar continuous fines extending from the combustionchamberbackward beneath the oven, upward in rear of the oven, and forward abovethe oven to an open space or chamber, E, extending across the entirespace between the side walls of the structure in which the oven properis i nclosed.

At one end of the chamberE is an opening, E, connecting the chamber withthe smokeflue of a chimney, the draft in the chimney being regulated bymeans of a damper, 6, immediately above the opening E. The front ends ofthe lines 0 are covered by a series of hinged dampers, F, which may beraised or lowered by any suitable device susceptible of operation fromthe outside of the oven-inclosing structure-as, for instance, by meansof a jointed rod, f, attached to the damper and extending through thefront wall, as illustrated in the drawings.

Immediately above the chamber E is a roof or cover, G, of masonry, andabove the does 0 is a hollow roof or cover, G G extending backward fromthe roof G, the space within such hollow cover being filled with sand orother non-conducting material, the object of this construction being toavoid as far as possible any waste of heat which might otherwise bediverted or radiated from the oven instead of utilized in heating it. Itis evident that the structure thus far described constitutes a completesingle oven provided with a combustion-chamber, a series of fluesopening from the combustion-chamber and extending about the bottom, top,and one side of the oven proper and communicating with a suitablesmoke-flue, the smoke-flue being provided with a suitable damper bymeans of which it may be governed, and the relative heat and volumeofthe current passing through the flues being susceptible of regulationby means of a series of separate dampers, F, which may be independentlyoperated.

It further appears from the description and drawings that the ovenproper is provided with a bottom of suitable non-conducting materialwhose thickness is greatest at that portion of the oven nearest thecombustion-chamher; and gradually decreases as the distance from thecombustion-chamber increases. By means of this construction the heat ofthe bottom of the oven proper, instead of being greatest at that portionnearest the combustion-chamber, is substantially uniform; and in fact Ihave found in practice that this variation in thickness may be such thatthere is no appreciable difference whatever in the heat of variousportions of the oven-floor.

Above the double cover G G of the flues O is a second series ofhorizontalflues, 0 opening and extending backward from achamber, E abovethe cover G of the chamber E, and above these flues G is a second oven,D, provided with doors (1*. The flues 0 connect at their rear ends withvertical flues 0 extend ing upward in rear of the oven D, and thesevertical flues in turn connect with horizontal flues 0 above the oven.The front ends of the flues G open into a chamber, E extending entirelyacross the front of the oven and communicating with the smoke-flue ofthe chimney by means of an opening, E. The chambers E E are separated byhorizontal partition G, and the roof or cover G of the chamber E isformed with a suitable opening, 9, through which hot air may pass fromthe chamber E to the chamber E. The opening g is covered by one or moreadjustable dampers, e, which may be operated by any suitable devicesas,for instance, by means of a chain or cord, 6 Fig. 2, extending throughthe wallin front of the chamber E. By means of these dampers the opening9 may be closed or left open, as desired; and it is evident that if itbe open and the damper e in the smoke-flue be closed any heated air orgas emerging from the flues G to the chamber E will pass upward throughthe opening 5 and thence through the flues C O 0 about the oven D andinto the chamber E whence it will pass through the opening E intothesmoke-flue of the chimney. A damper, e, is placed in the chimneyabove the opening E* and permits the regulation of the draft in thechimney when both ovens are in use. Above the flues C is a suitablecover of any non-conducting material,

chamberEand having the opening g, providedwith the adjustable damper e,the chamber E above the cover G, and the chamber E above the chamber Ealso communicating with the smoke-flue, substantially as shown anddescribed, and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

THOMAS E. MoFADDEN.

Witnesses:

SOHUYLER DURYEE,

WALTER B. PATTERSON.

